Economy

With the 2025 Revision of the Foreign Trade Law of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国对外贸易法), adopted on 27 December 2025 and scheduled to enter into force on 1 March 2026, China takes a significant step in the evolution of its international trade regulatory framework. This reform goes well beyond a mere technical update. It reflects a systemic rethinking of the role of foreign trade, which is now explicitly framed within the broader priorities of national security, indus

China's "Outbound Data Transfer Security Assessment Measures" (effective Sept 2022) regulate cross-border data flows, requiring CAC security assessments for significant data transfers. Based on prior data security laws, they scrutinize legality, foreign data protection, and transfer risks to safeguard national security, public interest, and individual rights. This streamlines and standardizes China's data export regulations.